Backhaul telecommunications Wikipedia. In a hierarchical telecommunications network the backhaul portion of the network comprises the intermediate links between the core network, or backbone network and the small subnetworks at the edge of the entire hierarchical network. In contracts pertaining to such networks, backhaul is the obligation to carry packets to and from that global network. A non technical business definition of backhaul is the commercial wholesale bandwidth provider who offers quality of service QOS guarantees to the retailer. MICROWAVE AND BACKHAUL. Microwave Services. Site. Antenna and Line Installation Microwave Installation and. CommScope offers a complete range of microwave backhaul solutions that meet the intense data demands of today and tomorrow, including reduced tower space, improved. Backhaul Alternatives for HetNet Small Cells. This twopart article series reviews mobile wireless backhaul systems. Now system size shrinks and installation. Simplifies licensing compared to other microwave systems. ExtremeAir minimizes visual impact and tower loading and maximizes installer. Mobile backhaul. Power Systems Smart Accessories Devices Test Equipment Tools, Supplies Safety Training Education Twoway Communications Vehicle Mounting. Flex4G-3000.png' alt='Microwave Systems Backhaul Installer' title='Microwave Systems Backhaul Installer' />It appears most often in telecommunications trade literature in this sense, whereby the backhaul connection is defined not technically but by who operates and manages it, and who takes legal responsibility for the connection or uptime to the Internet or 3. G4. G network. See also hotspot contracts below. In both the technical and commercial definitions, backhaul generally refers to the side of the network that communicates with the global Internet, paid for at wholesale commercial access rates to or at an Ethernet Exchange or other core network access location. Sometimes middle mile networks exist between the customers own LAN and those exchanges. This can be a local WAN or WLAN connection, for instance Network New Hampshire Now and Maine Fiber Company run tariffed public dark fiber networks as a backhaul alternative to encourage local and national carriers to reach areas with broadband and cell phone that they otherwise would not be serving. These serve retail networks which in turn connect buildings and bill customers directly. Cell phones communicating with a single cell tower constitute a local subnetwork the connection between the cell tower and the rest of the world begins with a backhaul link to the core of the Internet service providers network via a point of presence. The term backhaul may be used to describe the entire wired part of a network, although some networks have wireless instead of wired backhaul, in whole or in part, for example using microwave bands and mesh network and edge network topologies that may use a high capacity wireless channel to get packets to the microwave or fiber links. A telephone company is very often the ISP providing backhaul, although for academic R E networks or large commercial networks or municipal networks, it is increasingly common to connect to a public broadband backhaul. See national broadband plans from around the world, many of which were motivated by the perceived need to break the monopoly of incumbent commercial providers. The US plan for instance specifies that all community anchor institutions should be connected by gigabit fiber optics before the end of 2. DefinitioneditVisualizing the entire hierarchical network as a human skeleton, the core network would represent the spine, the backhaul links would be the limbs, the edge networks would be the hands and feet, and the individual links within those edge networks would be the fingers and toes. Other examples include Available backhaul technologieseditCable. Free Microwave Backhaul links deployed for mobile operators in the Middle East. These microwave links typically carry a mix of Ethernet IP, TDM Nx E1 and SDH traffic to connect the Cellular Base Stations BTS to the central sites of the cellular operator. Such microwave links used to carry 2x. E1 4. Mbits now carry 4. Mbits or more, using modern 1. QAM or higher modulation schemes. The choice of backhaul technology must take account of such parameters as capacity, cost, reach, and the need for such resources as frequency spectrum, optical fiber, wiring, or rights of way. Generally, backhaul solutions can largely be categorised into wired leased lines or copperfibre or wireless point to point, point to multipoint over high capacity radio links. Wired is usually a very expensive solution and often impossible to deploy in remote areas, hence making wireless a more suitable andor a viable option. Multi hop wireless architecture can overcome the hurdles of wired solutions to create efficient large coverage areas and with growing demand in emerging markets where often cost is a major factor in deciding technologies, a wireless backhaul solution is able to offer carrier grade services, whereas this is not easily feasible with wired backhaul connectivity. Backhaul technologies include Free space optical FSOPoint to point microwave radio relay transmission terrestrial or, in some cases, by satellitePoint to multipoint microwave access technologies, such as LMDS, Wi Fi, Wi. MAX, etc., can also function for backhauling purposes. DSL variants, such as ADSL, VDSL and SHDSLPDH and SDHSONET interfaces, such as fractional E1T1, E3, T3, STM 1OC 3, etc. Ethernet. Backhaul capacity can also be leased from another network operator, in which case that other network operator generally selects the technology being used, though this can be limited to fewer technologies if the requirement is very specific such as short term links for emergencydisaster relief or for public events, where cost and time would be major factors and would immediately rule out wired solutions, unless pre existing infrastructure was readily accessible or available. Wi. Fi mesh networks for wireless backhauleditAs data rates increase, the range of wireless network coverage is reduced, raising investment costs for building infrastructure with access points to cover service areas. Mesh networks are unique enablers that can reduce this cost due to their flexible architecture. Summer Holiday 2000 Movie here. With mesh networking, access points are connected wirelessly and exchange data frames with each other to forward tofrom a gateway point. Since a mesh requires no costly cable constructions for its backhaul network, it reduces total investment cost. Mesh technologys capabilities can boost extending coverage of service areas easily and flexibly. For further cost reduction, a large scale high capacity mesh is desirable. For instance, Kyushu Universitys Mimo Mesh Project, based in Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, has developed and put into use new technology for building high capacity mesh infrastructure. A key component is called IPT, intermittent periodic transmit, a proprietary packet forwarding scheme that is designed to reduce radio interference in the forwarding path of mesh networks. In 2. 01. 0, hundreds of wireless LAN access points incorporating the technology were installed in the commercial shopping and entertainment complex, Canal City Hakata, resulting in the successful operation of one of the worlds largest indoor wireless multi hop backhauls. That network uses a wireless multi hop relay of up to 1. Actual throughput is double that of standard mesh network systems using conventional packet forwarding. Latency, as in all multi hop relays, suffers, but not to the degree that it compromises voice over IP communications. Open solutions using many connections as a backhauleditMany common wireless mesh network hotspot solutions are supported in open sourcerouter firmware including DD WRT, Open. Sonderzug Nach Pankow Instrumental. WRT and derivatives. Sputnik Agent, Hotspot System, Chillispot and the ad supported Anchor. Free are four examples that work even with lower end routers like the WRT5. G. The IEEE 8. 02. Effectively these allow arbitrary wired net connections to be teamed or ganged into what appears to be a single backhaul  a virtual private cloud.